USK Conferences, International Conference On Patchouli and Essential Oil Research Innovation 2023 (IConPEORI-2023)

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The Effect of Extraction Methods on Caffeine Content of Gayo Arabica Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) Oil using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy
Khairan Khairan, Intan Musvira, Rinaldi Idroes, Muhammad Diah

Last modified: 2023-10-10

Abstract


This study aims to determine the characterizations and the chemical compositions of green bean coffee essential oil and roasted bean coffee essential oil extracted using maceration and soxhletation extraction methods. The results showed that the percentage yields of green coffee bean essential oil using maceration and soxhletation methods was 4,07% and 5,87%, respectively. Meanwhile, the percentage yields of roasted been coffee essential oil using maceration and soxhletation methods was 7,54% and 10,12%, respectively. The characterization of green been coffee essential oil by maceration and soxhletation methods were with density value of 0,90 and 0,91 g/mL; refractive index of 1,463 and 1,465; acid number of 4,534 and 3,310 mgKOH/g ; saponification numbers of 185,747 and 187,435 mg KOH/g; iodine numbers of 11,51 and 13,98 g I2/g; and peroxide numbers of 5,32 and 4,65 mEq/kg, respectively. Meanwhile, the characterization of roasted been coffee essential oil by maceration and soxhletation methods were with density value of 0,87 and 0.88; refractive index of 1,472 and 1,474; acid number pf 6,84 and 5,57 mgKOH/g; saponification numbers of 138,466 and 159,729 mg KOH/g; iodine numbers of 7,51 and 9,70 g I2/g; and peroxide numbers 8,25 and 6,74 mEq/kg, respectively. The FR-IR analysis showed the presence of a C-H group at wave number of 2924 cm-1, a C=O group at 1745 cm-1, a C-H group at 1462 cm-1 and the presence of an N-H group at 1163 cm-1. The GC-MS analysis showed that the caffeine content of green bean coffee essential oil by maceration and soxhletation extraction methods were 9,31% and 7,36%%, respectively. Meantime, the caffeine content of roasted bean coffee essential oil by maceration and soxhletation extraction methods were 7.30% and 4,28%, respectively. Overall, soxhletation extraction method produces a higher percentage yield of coffee essential oil compared with maceration extraction method. The caffeine content of green bean coffee essential oil was higher than roasted bean coffee essential oil both maceration and soxhletation extraction methods.


Keywords


Maceration, soxhletation, green bean coffee, roasted been coffee, coffee essential oil, caffeine